Inflammatory Bowel Disease is a group of chronic conditions characterized by inflammation of the digestive tract. IBD typically manifests in two primary types namely Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, each affecting different areas of the gastrointestinal tract and causing long-term health issues.
- Crohn's Disease: This type of IBD can affect any part of the digestive tract, extending from the mouth to the anus. It often causes patchy areas of inflammation that can impact the entire thickness of the intestinal wall.
- Ulcerative Colitis: Unlike Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis is confined to the large intestine and rectum. It leads to continuous inflammation and ulcers in the inner lining of the colon.
There is also a less common type of IBD known as indeterminate colitis, which exhibits characteristics of both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, making diagnosis more challenging.
What Are The Causes Of IBD?
IBD is believed to be an autoimmune condition in which the immune system mistakenly targets healthy tissue of the digestive tract. While the exact cause of IBD not unknown, various factors are thought to contribute, including:
- Genetics: People with a family history of IBD are at higher risk.
- Environmental Triggers: Diet, lifestyle, and stress may influence the development and severity of the condition.
- Immune System: Abnormal immune responses play a crucial role in causing inflammation.
- Gut Microbiome: Imbalances in the gut's bacterial composition are also being researched for their possible contribution to IBD.
Certain populations, such as those of Jewish ancestry, are more likely to develop IBD. It is also more common in the northern hemisphere.
What are the Common Symptoms of IBD?
The symptoms of IBD can fluctuate between active flare-ups and periods of remission. Common signs and symptoms include:
- Abdominal pain or cramping
- Persistent diarrhea (sometimes with blood)
- Urgent bowel movements
- Rectal bleeding
- Weight loss
- Fatigue or fever
- Anemia (due to blood loss)
IBD can also cause symptoms outside the digestive system, such as joint pain, skin issues, and eye inflammation.
IBD vs. IBS: Understanding the Difference
It's important not to confuse IBD with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). While both affect the intestines, IBS does not cause inflammation or long-term damage to the intestines. IBS symptoms, such as bloating and, alternating constipation and diarrhea, are typically related to gut sensitivity and motility issues.
What Is The Available Treatment for IBD?
Managing IBD requires a multidisciplinary approach. Treatment mainly focuses on reducing inflammation and preventing flare-ups. Common treatment options include:
- Medications: These include anti-inflammatory drugs, immunosuppressants, antibiotics, and biologics that target specific immune system components.
- Surgery: In severe cases, when medications fail to control symptoms, surgery may be required to remove damaged portions of the digestive tract.
At Gautham Morupoju, our team of gastroenterology experts provides individualized care and support to help you manage IBD effectively. To begin your journey toward better digestive health, schedule a consultation with us today.
